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Vietnamese alphabet
The Vietnamese alphabet ((ベトナム語:chữ Quốc ngữ); literally ''national language script'') is the modern writing system for the Vietnamese language. It uses the Latin script, based on its employment in the alphabets of Romance languages,〔Haudricourt, André-Georges. 2010. (“The Origin of the Peculiarities of the Vietnamese Alphabet.” ) Mon-Khmer Studies 39: 89–104. Translated from: Haudricourt, André-Georges. 1949. “L’origine Des Particularités de L’alphabet Vietnamien.” Dân Viêt-Nam 3: 61–68.〕 in particular the Portuguese alphabet, with some digraphs and the addition of nine accent marks or diacritics – four of them to create additional sounds, and the other five to indicate the tone of each word. The many diacritics, often two on the same letter, make written Vietnamese easily recognizable.〔Jakob Rupert Friederichsen ''Opening Up Knowledge Production Through Participatory Research?'' Frankfurt 2009 (History of Science and Research in Vietnam ) Page 126 "6.1.2 French colonial science in Vietnam: With the colonial era, deep changes took place in education, communication, and ... French colonizers installed a modern European system of education to replace the literary and Confucianism-based model, they promoted a romanized Vietnamese script (Quốc Ngữ) to replace the Sino-Vietnamese characters (Hán Nôm)"〕
==Letter names and pronunciation==
''Note'': Naming ''b'' 'bê bò' and ''p'' 'bê phở' is to avoid confusion in some dialects or some contexts, the same for ''s'' 'xờ mạnh (nặng)' and ''x'' 'xờ nhẹ', ''i'' 'i ngắn' and ''y'' 'i dài'.
''Q'', ''q'' is always followed by ''u'' in every word and phrase in Vietnamese, e.g. ''quang'' (light), ''quần'' (trousers), ''quyến rũ'' (to attract), etc.
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